Moyo wathanzi sungasiyanitsidwe ndi feteleza wa bio-organic, feteleza wa bio-organic ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani, komanso momwe amapangidwira. Choyamba, ndi mtundu wa feteleza wobiriwira, womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zolimba kudzera mu kuwira kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kununkhira komanso kuwola kwathunthu. Wolemera mu zosiyanasiyana zinchito tizilombo ndi wolemera mu kufufuza zinthu akhoza kusintha nthaka dongosolo, ndi mbali mu zakudya, wokhazikika ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa mbewu kukula. Itha kuwongolera bwino nthaka komanso kukhazikika kwa nthaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala. Limbikitsani mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi mankhwala a nthaka, ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwa nthaka kusunga madzi, feteleza, ndi kupereka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta feteleza wa bio-organic timalowa m'nthaka ndikupanga ubale wa symbiotic ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka, kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyipa ndikuwasintha kukhala mabakiteriya opindulitsa, kumalumikizana ndikulimbikitsana wina ndi mnzake, ndikuchita nawo mgwirizano wamagulu. . Mabakiteriya opindulitsa amakula ndi kuberekana Ma metabolites ambiri amapangidwa panthawiyi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuwonongeka ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zamoyo, zimatha kupereka mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa za mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa ndi kulamulira kukula kwa mbewu. Kupititsa patsogolo porosity ya nthaka, permeability ndi kusinthana ndi kupulumuka kwa zomera, kuwonjezera mabakiteriya opindulitsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi anthu.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, zopindulitsa opindulitsa zomera anapanga mu mizu ya mbewu ziletsa kufalitsa zoipa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumapangitsanso mbewu kukana ndi matenda kukana, ndi kuchepetsa matenda index wa recropping mbewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwapachaka kumatha kuchepetsa zopinga zodulira. Imachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi yotetezeka komanso yopanda poizoni kwa anthu, nyama, ndi chilengedwe. Ndi feteleza wosawononga chilengedwe. Kodi feteleza wa bio-organic ndi chiyani, ali ndi ntchito yanji, komanso amapangidwa bwanji. Choyamba, ndi mtundu wa feteleza wobiriwira, womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zolimba kudzera mu kuwira kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kununkhira komanso kuwola kwathunthu. Lili ndi tizilombo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, zomwe zimatha kukonza dothi komanso kuchitapo kanthu pazakudya, kukonza ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo pakukula kwa mbewu. Itha kuwongolera bwino nthaka komanso kulimba kwa nthaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala. Limbikitsani mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi mankhwala a nthaka, ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwa nthaka kusunga madzi, feteleza, ndi kupereka. Atalowa m'nthaka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta bio-organic fetereza tipanga mgwirizano wa symbiotic ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka, kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya owopsa ndikuwasintha kukhala mabakiteriya opindulitsa, kuyanjana ndikulimbikitsana wina ndi mnzake, ndikuchita nawo mgwirizano. wa koloni. Mabakiteriya opindulitsa amakula ndi kuberekana Ma metabolites ambiri amapangidwa panthawiyi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuwonongeka ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zamoyo, zimatha kupereka mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa za mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa ndi kulamulira kukula kwa mbewu. Kupititsa patsogolo porosity ya nthaka, permeability ndi kusinthana ndi kupulumuka kwa zomera, kuwonjezera mabakiteriya opindulitsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi anthu.
The yopindulitsa zomera zopangidwa mu mizu ya mbewu ziletsa kufalitsa zoipa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumapangitsanso mbewu kukana ndi matenda kukana, ndi kuchepetsa matenda index of recropping mbewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kumatha kuchepetsa zopinga zodulira. Imachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi yotetezeka komanso yopanda poizoni kwa anthu, nyama, ndi chilengedwe. Ndi feteleza wosawononga chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake ndidafunsira. Ife “alimi akale” tili ndi mawu oti: “Pa nthaka mulibe ndowe, ndi misala”, “Zomera ndi duwa zonse zimadalira feteleza”. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwachitukuko chamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a m'munda kukucheperachepera, ndipo masamba ndi zipatso zataya kutsitsimuka kwawo ndikuchepetsa kudya kwawo. Choncho, kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino, tiyeni tidye masamba athanzi. Pambuyo pazaka zafukufuku ndi chitukuko, ife Malinga ndi mfundo ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yowonongeka kwachilengedwe, ndi zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi humus zomwe zimakhala ndi feteleza watsopano wa organic zimatha kupanga kuberekana kwabwino kwa chilengedwe kwa zosiyanasiyana. magulu tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kulimbikitsa ntchito tizilombo, imathandizira mkombero kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira zazomera, ndi imathandizira Kutulutsidwa ndi ntchito mphamvu ya zakudya zosiyanasiyana bwino fetereza Mwachangu ndi ntchito mokwanira zosiyanasiyana zakudya. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa mapangidwe amtundu wa nthaka, kuti nthaka ikhalebe ndi madzi, feteleza, mpweya ndi madzi, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kumamasulanso nthaka ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira za kusalima.
Choncho, “alimi athu akale” ali ndi mawu akuti: “Palibe ndowe pa nthaka, zonse n’zopusa” ndiponso “Zomera ndi maluŵa, ndipo zonsezo zimadya mafuta. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwachitukuko chamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a m'munda kukucheperachepera, ndipo masamba ndi zipatso zataya kutsitsimuka kwawo ndikuchepetsa kudya kwawo. Choncho, kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino, tiyeni tidye masamba athanzi. Pambuyo zakafukufuku ndi chitukuko, ife Kupanga zochokera microbiological mfundo pogwiritsa ntchito biodegradation luso 2 akhoza kupangidwa molingana ndi zopangira zakomweko, monga chinangwa, udzu, anthu, ziweto, nkhuku manyowa, mbewu udzu (odulidwa), zimayambira ndi masamba, utuchi. , nkhuni tchipisi, edible bowa gawo lapansi zotsalira ndi makeke Chakudya ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangira: probiotic stock solution: michere, ndiye 300: 1: 1, madzi 30-35% (malingana ndi kuuma ndi kunyowa kwa zinthu, kuonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi), kuchepetsa ndi kusakaniza. The probiotic stock solution ndi michere ndi kusakaniza ndi zopangira Sakanizani bwino, phula ndi yaying'ono, sindikizani ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kapena chinsalu, ndi kuwira kwa anaerobic. Fungo la koji limatulutsidwa kwa masiku 7-10 m'chilimwe ndi masiku 15-20 m'nyengo yozizira kusonyeza kuwira bwino.
Zotsatira za feteleza wa bio-organic: kukonza nthaka, kuyambitsa magwiridwe antchito a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka, kugonjetsa kukangana kwa dothi, ndikuwonjezera mpweya wa nthaka. Kuchepetsa kutaya madzi ndi nthunzi, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa chilala, kusunga feteleza, kuchepetsa feteleza wa mankhwala, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mchere wa alkali, ndi kukonza chonde m'nthaka ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala kapena pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa feteleza wa mankhwala, kuti mbewu za chakudya, mbewu zandalama, masamba; zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba Kupanga m'kalasi kunakula kwambiri. Limbikitsani zokolola zaulimi, zipatso zake zimakhala zowala, zowoneka bwino, zokhwima komanso zokhazikika, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mavitamini amtundu wa vwende waulimi wakula, ndipo kukoma kwake ndikwabwino, komwe kumathandizira kukulitsa zogulitsa kunja ndikukwera mitengo. Limbikitsani kakhalidwe ka mbeu, pangitsa kuti mapesi akhale olimba, mtundu wa masamba ukhale wobiriwira, kuphukira msanga, kutulutsa zipatso zambiri, kugulitsa zipatso, komanso nthawi yoyambira msika. Kupititsa patsogolo kulimbana ndi matenda ndi kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kuchepetsa matenda a mbewu ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kubzala kosalekeza, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira; imathandiza kwambiri kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a mosaic, shank yakuda, anthracnose, ndi zina zotere, pomwe imathandizira chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu ku malo oyipa.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala kwachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa nitrate muzaulimi. Mayeso atsimikizira kuti feteleza wa bio-organic amatha kuchepetsa masamba a nitrate ndi 48.3-87.7% pafupifupi, amawonjezera nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu ndi 5-20%, amawonjezera vitamini C, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi, amachepetsa shuga, ndikuwonjezera. chiŵerengero cha shuga-acid. , Makamaka tomato, letesi, nkhaka, etc., akhoza kwambiri kusintha kukoma yaiwisi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa bio-organic, masamba azinthu zaulimi ndi atsopano komanso ofewa, amakoma komanso okoma kwambiri. Pofuna kupitiriza mawu a "alimi akale", lolani chakudya, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zina zotero kuti zibwezeretse fungo lawo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a probiotic stock solution kupanga bio-organic fetereza, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa bio-organic kumtunda, ndipo tiyeni tidye. chakudya chopanda kuipitsa. Lolani anthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wachimwemwe, chonde bwerani mudzatithandize kuzindikira chikhumbo ichi pamodzi. 2 Itha kupangidwa molingana ndi zida zakumaloko, monga chinangwa cha mpunga, udzu, anthu, ziweto, manyowa a nkhuku, mapesi a mbewu (odulidwa), mapesi ndi masamba, utuchi, tchipisi tamatabwa, zotsalira za bowa ndi makeke, etc. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zopangira: probiotic stock solution: michere, ndiko kuti, 300:1:1, madzi 30-35% (malingana ndi zinthu zouma ndi zonyowa, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi), chepetsani ndikusakaniza probiotic stock solution ndi michere ndi kusakaniza ndi zopangira Sakanizani bwino, phula ndi yaying'ono, sindikizani ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kapena chinsalu, ndi kuwira kwa anaerobic. Fungo la koji limatulutsidwa kwa masiku 7-10 m'chilimwe ndi masiku 15-20 m'nyengo yozizira kusonyeza kuwira bwino.
Zotsatira za feteleza wa bio-organic: kukonza nthaka, kuyambitsa magwiridwe antchito a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka, kugonjetsa kukangana kwa dothi, ndikuwonjezera mpweya wa nthaka. Kuchepetsa kutaya madzi ndi nthunzi, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa chilala, kusunga feteleza, kuchepetsa feteleza wa mankhwala, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mchere wa alkali, ndi kukonza chonde m'nthaka ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala kapena pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa feteleza wa mankhwala, kuti mbewu za chakudya, mbewu zandalama, masamba; zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba Kupanga m'kalasi kunakula kwambiri. Limbikitsani zokolola zaulimi, zipatso zake zimakhala zowala, zowoneka bwino, zokhwima komanso zokhazikika, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mavitamini amtundu wa vwende waulimi wakula, ndipo kukoma kwake ndikwabwino, komwe kumathandizira kukulitsa zogulitsa kunja ndikukwera mitengo. Limbikitsani kakhalidwe ka mbeu, pangitsa kuti mapesi akhale olimba, mtundu wa masamba ukhale wobiriwira, kuphukira msanga, kutulutsa zipatso zambiri, kugulitsa zipatso, komanso nthawi yoyambira msika. Kupititsa patsogolo kulimbana ndi matenda ndi kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kuchepetsa matenda a mbewu ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kubzala kosalekeza, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira; imathandiza kwambiri kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a mosaic, shank yakuda, anthracnose, ndi zina zotere, pomwe imathandizira chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu ku malo oyipa.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala kwachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa nitrate muzaulimi. Mayeso atsimikizira kuti feteleza wa bio-organic amatha kuchepetsa masamba a nitrate ndi 48.3-87.7% pafupifupi, amawonjezera nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu ndi 5-20%, amawonjezera vitamini C, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi, amachepetsa shuga, ndikuwonjezera. chiŵerengero cha shuga-acid. , Makamaka tomato, letesi, nkhaka, etc., akhoza kwambiri kusintha kukoma yaiwisi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa bio-organic, masamba azinthu zaulimi ndi atsopano komanso ofewa, amakoma komanso okoma kwambiri. Pofuna kupitiriza mawu a "alimi akale", lolani chakudya, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zina zotero kuti zibwezeretse fungo lawo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a probiotic stock solution kupanga bio-organic fetereza, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa bio-organic kumtunda, ndipo tiyeni tidye. chakudya chopanda kuipitsa. Lolani anthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wachimwemwe, chonde bwerani mudzatithandize kuzindikira chikhumbo ichi pamodzi. , The mkulu organic nkhani ndi humus zili latsopano organic fetereza akhoza kulenga wabwino kubalana chilengedwe kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kulimbikitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ntchito, imathandizira cyclic kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira zazomera, ndi imathandizira kumasulidwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zakudya Kutha kusintha fetereza. kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa mapangidwe amtundu wa nthaka, kuti nthaka ikhalebe ndi madzi, feteleza, mpweya ndi madzi, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kumamasulanso nthaka ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira za kusalima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-23-2020