Ubomi obunempilo abunakwahlulwa kwisichumiso se-bio-organic, yintoni isichumisi se-bio-organic, yintoni na, kwaye senziwe njani. Okokuqala, luhlobo lwesichumiso esiluhlaza, esenziwe ngenkunkuma ephilayo eqinileyo ngokuvutshelwa kwemicrobial, ukubola kunye nokubola ngokupheleleyo. Isityebi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-microorganisms ezisebenzayo kunye nezityebi kwizinto zokulandelela zingaphucula ubume bomhlaba, kwaye zidlale indima kwisondlo, ukulungiswa kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo ekukhuleni kwesityalo. Inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umhlaba kwaye iphucule ukuxutywa komhlaba okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali. Ukuphucula iipropati ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zomhlaba, kunye nokwandisa amandla omhlaba okugcina amanzi, isichumisi kunye nokubonelela. Ii-microorganisms eziluncedo kwizichumisi ze-bio-organic zingena emhlabeni kwaye zenze ubudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye ne-microorganisms emhlabeni, zinqande ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kwaye ziguqule zibe yintsholongwane eluncedo, zidibanise kwaye zikhuthazane, kwaye zidlale umphumo we-synergistic wekholoni. . Iibhaktheriya ezixhamlayo zikhula kwaye zivelise Inani elikhulu le-metabolites ziveliswa kwinkqubo, ekhuthaza ukubola kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, inokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo iintlobo zezondlo kunye nezinto ezikhuthazayo zezityalo, kunye nokukhuthaza nokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo. Ukuphucula i-porosity yomhlaba, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokutshintshiselana kunye nesantya sokusinda kwezityalo, ukwandisa ibhaktheriya enenzuzo, i-microorganisms yomhlaba kunye nabemi.
Kwangaxeshanye, isityalo esiluncedo esenziwe kwiingcambu zezityalo sinokuthintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane eziyingozi, ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kunye nokumelana nezifo, kunye nokunciphisa isalathiso sesifo sezityalo eziphinda zikhule. Ukusetyenziswa konyaka kunokunciphisa kakhulu imiqobo yokulima eqhubekayo. Inciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ikhuselekile kwaye ayinayo ityhefu ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Sisichumisi esihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Yintoni i-bio-organic fertilizer, yintoni indima yayo, kwaye yenziwa njani. Okokuqala, luhlobo lwesichumiso esiluhlaza, esenziwe ngenkunkuma ephilayo eqinileyo ngokuvutshelwa kwemicrobial, ukubola kunye nokubola ngokupheleleyo. Ityebile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-microorganisms ezisebenzayo kunye nezinto ezityebileyo zokulandela umkhondo, ezinokuphucula ubume bomhlaba kwaye zidlale indima kwisondlo, imeko kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo lokukhula kwesityalo. Inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umhlaba kwaye iphucule ukuxutywa komhlaba okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali. Ukuphucula iipropati ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zomhlaba, kunye nokwandisa amandla omhlaba okugcina amanzi, isichumisi kunye nokubonelela. Emva kokungena emhlabeni, i-microorganisms eziluncedo kwi-bio-organic fertilizer ziya kwenza ubudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye ne-microorganisms emhlabeni, zithintele ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kwaye ziguqule zibe yintsholongwane eluncedo, zidibanise kwaye zikhuthazane, kwaye zidlale umphumo we-synergistic. yekholoni. Iibhaktheriya ezixhamlayo zikhula kwaye zivelise Inani elikhulu le-metabolites ziveliswa kwinkqubo, ekhuthaza ukubola kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, inokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo iintlobo zezondlo kunye nezinto ezikhuthazayo zezityalo, kunye nokukhuthaza nokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo. Ukuphucula i-porosity yomhlaba, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokutshintshiselana kunye nesantya sokusinda kwezityalo, ukwandisa ibhaktheriya enenzuzo, i-microorganisms yomhlaba kunye nabemi.
Iintyatyambo eziluncedo ezibunjwe kwiingcambu zezityalo zinokuthintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane eziyingozi, ziphucule ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kunye nokumelana nezifo, kunye nokunciphisa isalathiso sesifo sokukhula kwakhona kwezityalo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu imiqobo yokulima eqhubekayo. Inciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ikhuselekile kwaye ayinayo ityhefu ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Sisichumisi esihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ndiye ndasifaka isicelo Thina “mafama amadala” sinebinzana elithi: “Akukho bulongwe emhlabeni, bubugeza bonke”, “Izityalo nentyatyambo zonke zixhomekeke kwisichumiso”. Ngenxa yotshintsho kuphuhliso lwangoku, ukusetyenziswa komgquba weefama kuya kuncipha, kwaye imifuno kunye neziqhamo ziphulukene nobutsha bazo bokuqala kwaye zinciphisa ixabiso lazo lesondlo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphuculwe impilo yabantu, masitye imifuno enempilo. Emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nophuhliso, ngokwemigaqo ye-microorganisms, iveliswa ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-biological decomposition, kunye ne-organic matter kunye ne-humus etyebileyo kwisichumiso esitsha se-organic inokudala indawo efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-ikholoji kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. amaqela e-microbial, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi ye-microbial, ukukhawuleza ukubola komjikelo we-biomass, kunye nokukhawuleza Ukukhululwa kunye nokusebenza kwamandla okutya okuhlukahlukeneyo kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumisi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezondlo ezahlukeneyo. Inokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kobume bomhlaba odibeneyo, ukuze umhlaba ukwazi ukugcina amanzi, isichumisi, umoya kunye namanzi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide. Ikwakhulula umhlaba kwaye iphumeze isiphumo sokungaphethuli umhlaba.
Ngoko ke, “abalimi bethu bakudala” banebinzana elithi: “Akukho bulongwe emhlabeni, bubudenge bonke” yaye “Izityalo ziyintyatyambo, yaye konke kutyebile.” Ngenxa yotshintsho kuphuhliso lwangoku, ukusetyenziswa komgquba weefama kuya kuncipha, kwaye imifuno kunye neziqhamo ziphulukene nobutsha bazo bokuqala kwaye zinciphisa ixabiso lazo lesondlo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphuculwe impilo yabantu, masitye imifuno enempilo. Emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nophuhliso, thina Imveliso esekwe kwimigaqo ye-microbiological usebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-biodegradation 2 inokuveliswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo zasekhaya, ezinje ngebran, ukhula, abantu, imfuyo, umgquba wenkukhu, ingca yesityalo (inqunyulwe), iziqu kunye namagqabi, i-sawdust. , iitshiphu zokhuni, iintsalela ze-substrate zefungus ezidliwayo kunye namaqebengwana Ukutya kunye nokunye. Ngokwexabiso elipheleleyo lezinto eziluhlaza: isisombululo seprobiotic stock: i-nutrient, oko kukuthi, 300: 1: 1, amanzi 30-35% (kuxhomekeke kokoma kwezinto kunye nokumanzi, ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi), nciphisa kwaye udibanise. isisombululo seprobiotic stock kunye nesondlo kunye nokuxuba kunye nezinto eziluhlaza Hlanganisa kakuhle, i-stack kunye ne-compact, itywina ngefilimu yeplastiki okanye i-canvas, kunye ne-anaerobic fermentation. Ivumba lekoji likhutshwa kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10 ehlotyeni kunye neentsuku eziyi-15-20 ebusika ukubonisa ukuvubela ngempumelelo.
Isiphumo sesichumiso se-bio-organic: ukulungisa umhlaba, ukuvuselela izinga lomsebenzi we-microorganisms emhlabeni, ukoyisa ukuxinana komhlaba, kunye nokwandisa umhlaba wokungena komoya. Ukunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi kunye nokunyuka komphunga, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwembalela, ukugcina isichumisi, ukunciphisa izichumisi zekhemikhali, ukunciphisa umonakalo wetyuwa-alkali, kunye nokuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba ngelixa unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yesichumisi okanye ngokuthe ngcembe utshintshe izichumisi zekhemikhali, ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zokutya, izityalo zemali, imifuno, iziqhamo nemifuno Imveliso yodidi yande kakhulu. Ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zezolimo, iziqhamo zinemibala eqaqambileyo, zicocekile, zivuthiwe kwaye zigxininisekile, kunye nomxholo weswekile kunye nomxholo wevithamini kwiimveliso zezolimo ze-melon ziye zanda, kwaye incasa ilungile, ekhuthaza ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Phucula iimpawu zokulima izityalo, wenze izikhondo zezityalo zomelele, umbala wamagqabi ube mnyama thsu, ukudubula kwangethuba, izinga eliphezulu lemveliso yeziqhamo, urhwebo oluhle lweziqhamo, kunye nexesha lokuthengisa kwangoko. Ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo zezityalo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo, ukunciphisa izifo zezityalo kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba obangelwa kukutyalwa kwezityalo ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nokunciphisa izehlo; inefuthe elihle kuthintelo kunye nolawulo lwesifo se-mosaic, i-shank emnyama, i-anthracnose, njl., ngelixa iphucula amandla okhuseleko olubanzi lwezityalo ngokuchasene nemo engqongileyo engalunganga.
Ukunciphisa inani lezichumisi zekhemikhali kuye kwanciphisa ngokuhambelanayo umxholo we-nitrate kwiimveliso zezolimo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba izichumisi ze-bio-organic zinokunciphisa umxholo we-nitrate yemifuno nge-48.3-87.7% ngokwe-avareji, ukwandisa i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kunye nomxholo we-potassium nge-5-20%, ukwandisa i-vitamin C, ukunciphisa umxholo we-asidi iyonke, ukwandisa ukunciphisa iswekile, kunye nokwandisa. umlinganiselo weswekile-asidi. , Ngokukodwa kwiitumato, i-lettuce, ukhukhamba, njl., inokuphucula kakhulu incasa yokutya okukrwada. Ke ngoko, usebenzisa izichumisi ze-bio-organic, amagqabi emveliso yezolimo matsha kwaye athambile, incasa emnandi kwaye imnandi ngakumbi. Ukuze uqhubeke ne-mantra "yabalimi abadala", vumela ukutya, iziqhamo, imifuno, njl. ukubuyisela ivumba labo, sebenzisa isisombululo seprobiotic stock ukwenza isichumiso se-bio-organic, sisebenzise isichumisi se-bio-organic emhlabeni, kwaye masidle. ukutya okungenangcoliseko. Vumela abantu baphile ubomi obunempilo kunye nolonwabo, nceda uze usincede siwuqonde lo mnqweno kunye. 2 Ingenziwa ngokwezinto zasekhaya, ezifana ne-rice bran, ukhula, abantu, imfuyo, umgquba weenkukhu, iziqu zezityalo (ezinqunyulwe), iziqu kunye namagqabi, i-sawdust, i-wood chips, iintsalela ze-substrate ze-fungus ezidliwayo kunye neekeyiki, njl. kwisixa esipheleleyo sezinto eziluhlaza: isisombululo seprobiotic stock: isondlo, oko kukuthi, 300: 1: 1, amanzi 30-35% (kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezomileyo nezimanzi, ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi), nciphisa kwaye udibanise Isisombululo sesitokhwe seprobiotic kunye nesondlo kunye nokuxuba kunye nezinto eziluhlaza Hlanganisa kakuhle, i-stack kunye ne-compact, itywina ngefilimu yeplastiki okanye i-canvas, kunye ne-anaerobic fermentation. Ivumba lekoji likhutshwa kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10 ehlotyeni kunye neentsuku eziyi-15-20 ebusika ukubonisa ukuvubela ngempumelelo.
Isiphumo sesichumiso se-bio-organic: ukulungisa umhlaba, ukuvuselela izinga lomsebenzi we-microorganisms emhlabeni, ukoyisa ukuxinana komhlaba, kunye nokwandisa umhlaba wokungena komoya. Ukunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi kunye nokunyuka komphunga, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwembalela, ukugcina isichumisi, ukunciphisa izichumisi zekhemikhali, ukunciphisa umonakalo wetyuwa-alkali, kunye nokuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba ngelixa unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yesichumisi okanye ngokuthe ngcembe utshintshe izichumisi zekhemikhali, ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zokutya, izityalo zemali, imifuno, iziqhamo nemifuno Imveliso yodidi yande kakhulu. Ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zezolimo, iziqhamo zinemibala eqaqambileyo, zicocekile, zivuthiwe kwaye zigxininisekile, kunye nomxholo weswekile kunye nomxholo wevithamini kwiimveliso zezolimo ze-melon ziye zanda, kwaye incasa ilungile, ekhuthaza ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Phucula iimpawu zokulima izityalo, wenze izikhondo zezityalo zomelele, umbala wamagqabi ube mnyama thsu, ukudubula kwangethuba, izinga eliphezulu lemveliso yeziqhamo, urhwebo oluhle lweziqhamo, kunye nexesha lokuthengisa kwangoko. Ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo zezityalo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo, ukunciphisa izifo zezityalo kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba obangelwa kukutyalwa kwezityalo ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nokunciphisa izehlo; inefuthe elihle kuthintelo kunye nolawulo lwesifo se-mosaic, i-shank emnyama, i-anthracnose, njl., ngelixa iphucula amandla okhuseleko olubanzi lwezityalo ngokuchasene nemo engqongileyo engalunganga.
Ukunciphisa inani lezichumisi zekhemikhali kuye kwanciphisa ngokuhambelanayo umxholo we-nitrate kwiimveliso zezolimo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba izichumisi ze-bio-organic zinokunciphisa umxholo we-nitrate yemifuno nge-48.3-87.7% ngokwe-avareji, ukwandisa i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kunye nomxholo we-potassium nge-5-20%, ukwandisa i-vitamin C, ukunciphisa umxholo we-asidi iyonke, ukwandisa ukunciphisa iswekile, kunye nokwandisa. umlinganiselo weswekile-asidi. , Ngokukodwa kwiitumato, i-lettuce, ukhukhamba, njl., inokuphucula kakhulu incasa yokutya okukrwada. Ke ngoko, usebenzisa izichumisi ze-bio-organic, amagqabi emveliso yezolimo matsha kwaye athambile, incasa emnandi kwaye imnandi ngakumbi. Ukuze uqhubeke ne-mantra "yabalimi abadala", vumela ukutya, iziqhamo, imifuno, njl. ukubuyisela ivumba labo, sebenzisa isisombululo seprobiotic stock ukwenza isichumiso se-bio-organic, sisebenzise isichumisi se-bio-organic emhlabeni, kwaye masidle. ukutya okungenangcoliseko. Vumela abantu baphile ubomi obunempilo kunye nolonwabo, nceda uze usincede siwuqonde lo mnqweno kunye. , Izinto eziphezulu zezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-humus equlethwe kwisichumisi esitsha se-organic inokudala indawo efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-ecological yeentlobo ze-microbes, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi ye-microbial, ukukhawuleza ukubola kwe-cyclic ye-biomass, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukukhululwa kunye nokusebenza kwezondlo ezahlukeneyo Ukwazi ukuphucula isichumisi. ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zezondlo. Inokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kobume bomhlaba odibeneyo, ukuze umhlaba ukwazi ukugcina amanzi, isichumisi, umoya kunye namanzi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide. Ikwakhulula umhlaba kwaye iphumeze isiphumo sokungaphethuli umhlaba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-23-2020