Benefits and Suggestions about Free Amino Acid

‌Biostimulant amino acids‌ are an important type of biostimulants. They are products obtained by extracting or decomposing natural substances such as amino acids, humic acid, and seaweed extracts. They are substances that have physiological activity on plants. These substances can directly stimulate the formation of plant endogenous hormones and promote plant growth and development. As a kind of biostimulant, amino acids' mechanism of action mainly includes directly participating in various physiological activities of plants and the synthesis of endogenous plant hormones, thereby affecting the growth and development process of plants.

Amino acid is the general name for a class of organic compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups, and is the basic unit of protein. In plants, one of the functions of amino acids is to directly participate in various physiological activities of plants and the synthesis of endogenous plant hormones.

Amino acid are widely used. They can promote the vigorous development and growth of plant roots, thereby improving the crop's ability to absorb nutrients, and ultimately increasing crop yield and quality. The source of biostimulant amino acids can be animal or plant sources. Animal-source amino acids usually come from edible parts such as animal offal, while plant-source amino acids mainly come from crops such as soybeans. The advantage of animal-source amino acids is that they can provide a more comprehensive range of amino acids, while plant-source amino acids are more common in soybeans. However, soybeans are mainly used for food processing, so the types and quantities of plant-source amino acids are relatively limited. Furthermore, the absorption and utilization efficiency of amino acids depends not only on their source, but also on the form of their isomers. Left-handed (L-form) amino acids are more easily absorbed and utilized by plants.

The main roles and functions of single amino acids in crop growth:

Alanine: Increases the synthesis of chlorophyll, regulates the opening of stomata, and has a protective effect against pathogens;

Arginine: Enhances root development, is the precursor for the synthesis of plant endogenous hormones polyamines, and improves crops’ ability to resist salt stress.

Aspartic Acid: Enhances seed germination, protein synthesis, and provides nitrogen for growth during periods of stress.

Glutamic acid: Reduces nitrate content in crops; improves seed germination, promotes leaf photosynthesis, and increases chlorophyll biosynthesis.

Glycine: It has a unique effect on the photosynthesis of crops, is beneficial to crop growth, increases the sugar content of crops, and is a natural metal chelator.

Histidine: regulates stomatal opening and provides the precursor of carbon skeleton hormones and enzymes for cytokinin synthesis.

Isoleucine and leucine: improve resistance to salt stress, improve pollen vitality and germination, precursors of aromatic flavor.

Lysine: enhances chlorophyll synthesis and increases morning resistance;

Proline: Increases plant tolerance to osmotic stress, improves plant stress resistance and pollen viability.

Threonine: Improve tolerance and insect pest damage, improve humification process.

Valine: Increases seed germination rate and improves crop flavor.

Key words:Amino acid; crop growth; biostimulant
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